Aims: Recognizing tooth health condition in each region is essential in order to take prevention measures. Dental exam is the most effective way of determining tooth health condition. The aim of this study was to determine decayed, missing and filled teeth ( DMFT and dmft) indices and their related factors in 6-12 years children of military and non-military personnel.

  Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical survey was performed on 201 of 6-12 year old children of military and 200 of 6-12 year old children of non-military personnel referred to Imam Khomeini dental clinic in Tehran in year 2009. Dental exam was done by a dentist and results were recorded in world health organization standard form. Data was analyzed by SPSS 11.

  Results: Overall 9359 teeth were examined. Frequency of decayed, missing and filled teeth were 1224 (23%), 185 (4%) and 695 (13%), respectively. Frequency of decayed, missing and filled teeth were 238 (8%), 0 (0.0%) and 162 (4%), respectively. In general, mean dmft and DMFT were 5.29 ± 3.52 and 1.01 ± 1.47, respectively.

  Conclusion: Mean of DMFT and dmft indices don’t have a significant statistical difference in military and non-military personnel’s children. Tooth decay has a significant correlation with age, parents’ educational level, birth order and primary prevention dental care. These factors should be considered extensively in order to keep children’s teeth healthy.